Globalization of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Globalization of Democracy - Essay Example The conceptual trend of different processes resulting in greater interconnections of socio-cultural, economic and political proceedings at the global scale can be termed as globalization. It has been identified by many as the misbalanced process which has led to strengthening of the interdependencies of the major economies of the world with growing indifference towards economies that depart from these major economies. It has been constantly observed that the diverse effects of globalization with multi-faceted impacts from various processes on different countries are interlinked through the chains of globalization. Commonly, it has come to be referred to as economic globalization, due to the amalgamation of several national economies into the international economy in form of trade, capital flows, foreign direct investments, migrations and technological spread and advancements1. Chase-Dunn has presented a model of the processes and structures of the modern world-system and has proposed a project to transform the system into a democratic and collectively rational global commonwealth. The article states that popular transnational social movements are challenging the ideological hegemony of corporate capitalism2. The global women's movement, indigenous movements, the labor movement, and environmentalist movements are attempting to form strong alliances which are capable of challenging the emerging transnational capitalist class domination (Chase-Dunn, 2003). Chase-Dunn argues that new democratic socialist states in the semi-periphery will be critical sources of support and allies for the anti-systemic movements. Globalisation supporters claim that it increases economic prosperity as well as opportunity, especially among developing nations, leading to a greater efficient allocation of resources and enhancement of civil liberties. Economic theories of comparative advantage suggest that free trade leads to a more efficient allocation of resources, with all countries involved in the trade benefiting3. In general, this leads to lower prices, more employment, higher output and a higher standard of living for those in developing countries (Sachs, Jeffery, 2005). Proponents of laissez-faire capitalism say that higher degrees of political and economic freedom in the form of democracy and capitalism in the developed world are ends in themselves and also produce higher levels of material wealth4. They see globalisation as the beneficial spread of liberty and capitalism (Wolf, Martin, 2004). Vices of Globalization Critics of globalisation argue that poorer countries are sometime at disadvantage since the main export of poorer countries is generally agricultural goods and it become difficult for these countries to compete with financially stronger countries that subsidize their own farmers5 (Hurst, Charles, 1993). It has also been argued that globalisation has led to deterioration of protection for the weaker nations by stronger industrialized powers, resulting in exploitation of the people in those nations to become cheap labours6. With the world

Digital Libraries Essay Example for Free

Digital Libraries Essay Ashley Tipton Digital Libraries Introduction A simple definition of a digital library is a library where collections are stored in digital formats instead of physical formats and accessible via computers. The content can then be accessed locally, as in within a library, or remotely such as from other places on a college campus or from a users home. Many people believe that digital libraries are the future. There are also those that still hold on to the thought that the traditional brick and mortar building is the way a library is supposed to be and that moving to the digital real is not the direction a library should be heading. History The information revolution is one of the marvels of the 20th century. We are now living in an information society where almost everyone around us has a computer, a smartphone, and is connected to the Internet. As our society has become more and more connected, libraries have also started to become more digitized. Library automation came into popularity in the early 1950s. It started with punched card applications to library technical services operations. In 1965, Licklider coined the phrase â€Å"library of the future† to refer to his vision of a fully computer-based library and then in 1978, F.W. Lancaster wrote of the â€Å"paperless library† (Harter, 1996). Other terms later on that were used to describe the library of the future were â€Å"electronic library,† â€Å"virtual library,† â€Å"library without walls,† and â€Å"bionic library† (Harter, 1996). The term â€Å"digital library† came to be from the Digital Libraries Initiative. In 1994, six universities in the United States were granted 24 million dollars for digital library research. This was brought on by the sudden boom of the Internet. â€Å"Digital library† is the name that was most widely adopted by academics, researchers, and librarians and is used to describe the process of digitizing information resources. Digitization According to Ram Nath Maurya, there is a stress for three things in the digital world (Maurya, 2011): †¢ Awareness of information which gives the breath of vision. †¢ †¢ Awareness of technology which gives the power to make the visions manifest. Awareness of needs provide the insight to use professional skills and talents to greater effect. The meaning of this is that it is important for the user to have information that is easily locatable and easily accessible. Nowadays, library patrons have become information conscious and no longer want to wait and go to the library to find what they need. They want to access it access the information electronically. The process of digitizing implies the production of a digital surrogate for a physical object (Unsworth, 2004). There are many different items in libraries that are digitized. This ranges from serials that can be found either in print or online to rare books and archives that are now being preserved in a digital format. There are many positive outcomes that come from digitizing parts of a librarys collection. There is less cost in reshelving the item. The item is simultaneously available to multiple users. The item does not have to be replaced, since it is not being used and there is no chance of it being lost. Also, if it is a rare item, it can be preserved more easily as it will be less frequently handled. Why Go Digital? The most valuable aspect of the digital library is its reduction in cost. There are many fees that are negated such as staff pay, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. This makes the cost of the digital library much less to maintain than that of a traditional library. Also, increased reduction in the use of paper has a positive impact on the environment. Environmental scientists all over the world favor digital libraries to help reduce paper usage. Libraries that have a digital presence can be reached all over the world, thus allowing the library to have a far greater audience beyond their local community. Their collection can be shared and accessed from anywhere. As distance education becomes more popular, it is even more important for libraries to have an online presence. Students who might not be able to physically access their school librarys collection can instead find what they need on their website. Many libraries are offering a vary large amount of databases containing full-text journals and also electronic books. The interlibrary loan program allows students to order books from their own school and other libraries without leaving their home. The role of the librarian in a digital library is still vastly important. They are needed to package and repackage information. Librarians set up the proxies and open-URLs. They do electronic publishing, provide reference instruction, and teach patrons how to use electronic resources. Also, there is always more information that needs to be digitized. Disadvantages of Digital Libraries There are many threats to the nature of digital libraries. Computer viruses are a danger if libraries are not careful to protect their hardware and software. Also, the high initial cost of infrastructure such as the hardware, software, network, and IT professionals can be a downside and then also the cost to maintain and upgrade when needed. Standardization is another issue that libraries can face when moving to a digital format. Each library is different and therefore it is extremely likely that each library will have a very different way of digitizing their collection and presenting their information online. Another potential problem is copyright. Digital libraries have to find a way to properly distribute information without violating copyright law. The copyright of the author has to be protected as items are digitized and put into an online collection. Future of Digital Libraries The future trend for libraries is to keep moving toward a digital format. Daniel Akst, the author of The Webster Chronicle, sums it up in one simple statement: â€Å"the future of libraries-and of information-is digital. † He states, â€Å"All the problems associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving,† and goes on to state, â€Å"if in 100 years people can still read your article, we’ll have solved the problem†. Computer storage continues to grow at an exponential rate and the cost keeps going down. It is believed that eventually, given the current advancement of technology, a person will be able to virtually access all recorded information. There are many large scale digitization projects underway at places such as Google, the Million Book Project, and Internet Archive. The technology behind scanners and the digitization techniques also keeps improving. There have been recent advancements in how books are handled and presentation technologies such as optical character recognition. Libraries will continue to become more equipped to digitize their own collections and share them with the world. Bibliography Akst, Daniel. The Webster Chronicle. New York: Bluehen, 2002. Print. Harter, S. (1996, September). What is a digital library? definitions, content, and issues. A paper presented at KOLISS DL 96: international conference on digital libraries and information services for the 21st century, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http://php. indiana. edu/~harter/koreapaper. htm Lagoze, C. , Krafft, D. , Payette, S. , Jesuroga, S. (2005). What is a digital library anymore, anyway?. D-Lib Magazine, 11(11), Retrieved from http://www. dlib. org/dlib/november05/lagoze/11lagoze. html Maurya, R. (2011). Digital library and digitization. International Journal of Information Dissemination Technology. , 1(4), 228-331. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. proxy. lib. fsu. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=7hid=9[emailprotected] Unsworth, J. (2004, May 17). The value of digitization for libraries and humanities scholarship. Retrieved from http://people. lis. illinois. edu/~unsworth/newberry. 04. htmlÃ'Ž

Evaluation of Booz Allen Hamilton Cybersecurity Essay -- Cyber Solutio

Introduction During the process of analyzing an organizations effectiveness to manage cybersecurity risks, there are ranges of security policies that need to be implemented. A prime example of this concept is the cybersecurity policies developed for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton. The direct division formed to address the firm’s requirements within cyberspace is the Cyber Solution Network (CSN). The CSN division within Booz Allen Hamilton has a range of policies used to ensure the firm is protected against risk. Cybersecurity Policy Best Practices The use of cybersecurity policies within CSN is to provide security of the divisions assets. The written policies provide guidance on implementation, through references to applicable standards and statements of best practices (Booz Allen Hamilton, 2012). As stated by Control Data Corporation, there is no asset which can be 100% secure; network security is often times focused on strategic prevention or reactive procedures, rather than examination of the security policy and maintaining the operation of it (1999). Therefore analysis indicates that numerous breaches are often due to reoccurring weaknesses in the policy. â€Å"Even the most reliable, state-of-the-art technologies can be undermined or rendered ineffective by poor decisions, or by weak operational practices† (Control Data Corporation, 1999, p. 3). The analysis conducted by Control Data Corporation (1999), provides a quality, and precise assessment of adhering to cybersecurity policy. This analysis is organized into several different categories: 1) The Natural Weaknesses of Security Policy The recognition of natural weaknesses is critical for Booz Allen Hamilton’s Cyber Security Network unit. The action of neglectin... ...n of its assets. Works Cited Booz Allen Hamilton (2012). Booz Allen cyber solution network. Retrieved from http://www.boozallen.com/consulting/prepare-for-whats-next/cyber/cyber-solutions-network Booz Allen Hamilton (2011, October 1). Lab Governance Policy. Retrieved from http://www.boozallen.com Control Data Corporation. (1999). Why security policies fail. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/17220213/Why-Security-Policies-Fail Kabay, M. E., & Robertson, B. (2009). Security policy guidelines. In S. Bosworth, M. E. Kabay, & E. Whyne (Eds.), Computer security handbook (5th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. NIST. U.S. Department of Commerce, (2009). National institute of standards and technology sp 800-53. Retrieved from website: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-53-Rev3/sp800-53-rev3-final_updated-errata_05-01-2010.pdf

How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay

The main purpose of a synthesis essay is to make insightful connections. Those connections can show the relationship(s) between parts of a work or even between two or more works. It is your job to explain why those relationships are important. In order to write a successful synthesis essay, you must gather research on your chosen topic, discover meaningful connections throughout your research, and develop a unique and interesting argument or perspective. A synthesis is not a summary. A synthesis is an opportunity to create new knowledge out of already existing knowledge, i.e., other sources. You combine, â€Å"synthesize,† the information in your sources to develop an argument or a unique perspective on a topic. Your thesis statement becomes a one-sentence claim that presents your perspective and identifies the new knowledge that you will create. Before writing your synthesis 1. Narrow a broad or general topic to a specific topic: In a short essay, completely covering a large topic is impossible, so picking a specific, focused topic is important. For example, the broad topic of global warming would need to be narrowed down to something more specific, like the effects of automobile exhaust on an ecosystem. 2. Develop a working thesis statement: A working thesis statement should include a rough idea of your topic and the important point you want to make about that topic. Writing this statement at the top of a rough draft or outline and looking at it often can help you remain focused throughout the essay. However, the thesis statement that you begin with is not set in stone. If you find that your essay shifts topic slightly, you can change your thesis in later drafts so that it matches your new focus. 3. Decide how you will use your sources: After completing your research and gathering sources, you may have a large or overwhelming amount of information. However, the purpose of a synthesis essay is to use only the most important parts of your research, the information that will best support your claim. At this point, you must decide which sources, and/or which parts of those sources, you will use. 4. Organize your research: Now, decide the order in which you will present your evidence, the various arguments you will employ, and how you will convince your readers. Writing your synthesis In the following synthesis essay the author found various sources on the same topic and used certain parts of those sources to support the thesis statement. How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay The main purpose of a synthesis essay is to make insightful connections. Those connections can show the relationship(s) between parts of a work or even between two or more works. It is your job to explain why those relationships are important. In order to write a successful synthesis essay, you must gather research on your chosen topic, discover meaningful connections throughout your research, and develop a unique and interesting argument or perspective. A synthesis is not a summary. A synthesis is an opportunity to create new knowledge out of already existing knowledge, i.e., other sources. You combine, â€Å"synthesize,† the information in your sources to develop an argument or a unique perspective on a topic. Your thesis statement becomes a one-sentence claim that presents your perspective and identifies the new knowledge that you will create. Before writing your synthesis 1. Narrow a broad or general topic to a specific topic: In a short essay, completely covering a large topic is impossible, so picking a specific, focused topic is important. For example, the broad topic of global warming would need to be narrowed down to something more specific, like the effects of automobile exhaust on an ecosystem. 2. Develop a working thesis statement: A working thesis statement should include a rough idea of your topic and the important point you want to make about that topic. Writing this statement at the top of a rough draft or outline and looking at it often can help you remain focused throughout the essay. However, the thesis statement that you begin with is not set in stone. If you find that your essay shifts topic slightly, you can change your thesis in later drafts so that it matches your new focus. 3. Decide how you will use your sources: After completing your research and gathering sources, you may have a large or overwhelming amount of information. However, the purpose of a synthesis essay is to use only the most important parts of your research, the information that will best support your claim. At this point, you must decide which sources, and/or which parts of those sources, you will use. 4. Organize your research: Now, decide the order in which you will present your evidence, the various arguments you will employ, and how you will convince your readers. Writing your synthesis In the following synthesis essay the author found various sources on the same topic and used certain parts of those sources to support the thesis statement.

Research on football Essay

Most people in Germany enjoy watching football on television or live in the stadium. Football is not only sport number one, but also the number one topic of conversation. Although it is so popular, many people, fans or not fans, discuss whether the football players are good value or not. So, is it fair that they earn so much more than others? Of course stars like Ronaldo, Zidane or Beckham, but also all the other professional football players have a high training intensity with a minimum of two trainings per day and additional duties like for example meetings with sponsors or fan clubs. Many of them are engaged in social organisations and do a lot for poor and disabled people. They do a lot for the money they get. On the basis of the high number of trainings and at least one game per week during the season means a high strain for the players. They get injured † often seriously † because of this high strain and the fact that their body is their capital. They have to give everything for the money, even their health. These are arguments why professional football players are good value. The training intensitiy, the strain, the injuries that result from the strain and of course the age lead to the realization that the players are not able to do their sport for such a long time. They need the money because they have to built reserves for their later life. The players deserve the money they get, for the clubs make huge profits with the player. Real Madrid for example expands – or at least wants to in the market of merchandising products in Asia because of the engagement of David Beckham. Madrid had to pay Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ 35 million, but experts say, that only the sell of the jersey with Beckham’s number brings at least Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ 50 million back to Madrid. So the club has great economic advantages. In the case of the most famous players, who are always in the spotlight, it is fair that they earn so much. They really have no private life because of their popularity. They are accompanied by photographers and journalists all the time and do not have a single moment for themselves or their families. They have to bear a lot. In the worst case, they are even blackmailed. â€Å"Nine people have been arrested in connection with an alleged conspiracy to kidnap Victoria Beckham and seek a 5m ransom. † This happened to David Beckham in 2002 and is an evidence for the great pressure the players have to stand. The money compensates them for this pressure. On the other hand you could say that the â€Å"work† of a football player can not be compared with the â€Å"real work† of a factory-worker or a manual worker. For the football player it is a hobby with a maximum of three to four hours of training per day, which is not too hard. For the factory-worker it is at least eight hours of hard physical work per day. You could also say that not only football players get injured. Manual workers can be seriously injured in their jobs too. They could fall down from a scaffolding and break their bones or Another fact is that professional football players get so much more than for example a professional handball player, although the handball player trains as often and as hard as the football player. He just gets more because football is the number one sport in Germany and not because he does so much more. Some people say that the stars bring a lot of money for their clubs or even a whole region. But many people criticize, that the players ( and not only the best ones)still get contracts, that guarantees them millions of euros, despite the fact that the current economic situation is not the best. The point that football players have no private life because of their celebrity and the permanent presence of media that is closely connected with it, could be invalidated by the fact that this happens only to the most popular players. â€Å"German football captain†¦ has had to tell his pregnant wife he had a mistress† wrote â€Å"The Mirror†. It is only interesting when the 34 year-old and very famous goalkeeper Oliver Kahn leaves his wife and his daughter for a 13 years younger party-girl, and not when an unknown player from Energie Cottbus does the same. So most of the players can still enjoy a calm private life and nevertheless get plenty of money. In this discussion you have to take into consideration, that football players have much more free time than anybody else. The worker has about 4 weeks holiday per year, while the season of a football player lasts only for about 7 months. That means that they have about 5 months holiday. Ironic people would say that they need so much money because they have so much time to give it out. The majority however, thinks, that it is just unfair with regard to the rest of the working people. So for both sides you can find several arguments. Everybody should decide for himself whether it is just that they earn so much or not. In my opinion it is not. â€Å"Beckham said he was delighted to be moving to Spain, though most people believe he’s delighted to be cashing cheques for Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ 6 million a year in salary. † That means he gets about 500,000 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per month, 125,000 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per week, 17,800 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per day and 740 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per hour. I think that is unfair with regard to the hard working people. Nobody is worth so much.

Free Essays on Pauls Case

of his teachers could not harm Paul; he was simple outside their reach. This sort of belief held by Paul Reimer-2 leave's him to judge himself. No amount of discipline could ever change his set ways unless Paul did so of his own free will. Paul’s... Free Essays on Pauls Case Free Essays on Pauls Case In Willa Cather’s short story Paul’s Case we learn of a young man who is fighting what he fears most: to be as common and plain as his world around him. How others perceive Paul only encourages him to fulfill his dream of escaping his monotonous lifestyle. Paul feels he is drowning in his everyday environment and his only breath of air is his savior: the theater. Paul has very little interest in his class studies. This leaves him open to distraction and eventually criticism. Although Paul’s appearance is that of a perfect gentleman, his teachers find his behavior inappropriate and unacceptable. The narrator draws particular attention to Paul’s eyes describing them as â€Å"remarkable for a certain hysterical brilliancy†(Cather 245); this is followed by the response of his teachers who find it â€Å"peculiarly offensive in a boy†(Cather 245). Paul’s meeting with the schools principal continues as each of his teachers get an opportunity to voice their disgust with Paul. The whole time Paul stands there never losing his smile. This is dubbed â€Å"irritating to the last degree† (Cather 246). For Paul this is his sign of strength. He refuses to allow his teachers, of such simple minds, to tear at his soul. They have no understanding of Paul’s behavior and do not wish to learn. After the meeting his teachers felt remorse for their onslaught against this mere boy. One remarked on the similarity to a â€Å"miserable street cat set at bay by a ring of tormentors† (Cather 247). However none of this affected Paul. He was untouched and unscaved by his teacher’s cruel remarks. That was just his way. Paul was in another world, above all these petty judgments. The words of his teachers could not harm Paul; he was simple outside their reach. This sort of belief held by Paul Reimer-2 leave's him to judge himself. No amount of discipline could ever change his set ways unless Paul did so of his own free will. Paul’s... Free Essays on Pauls Case In the short story â€Å"Paul’s Case† we are first introduced to Paul in the school principal’s office, and we see him, not through the eyes of his peers, but through the eyes of his teachers. Paul is, in his teacher’s opinion, a little odd. On what is supposed to be sort of a begging mission a week after his suspension, his appearance is a little ostentatious, with â€Å"something of the dandy about him†; he wore a carnation in his lapel and an oval stud in his tie, and had â€Å"hysterical brilliant† blue eyes, which infuriated his teachers. Paul presented himself in this manner due to his fear of being watched. Because of this fear, Paul was forever on edge and wearing a frozen smile with â€Å"†¦something sort of haunted about it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that antagonized his teachers almost as much as his attitude. Paul tried to set himself above others, condescending to all whom he met, he possessed â€Å"†¦the itch to let his instructo rs know how heartily he despised them, and how thoroughly he was appreciated elsewhere†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He wanted people to perceive him as someone different, someone of importance. Paul would not allow his fellow classmates to think that he â€Å"took these people seriously,† so he repeatedly tells them â€Å"the most incredible stories,† like how he is â€Å"going to Naples, to California, to Egypt.† But Paul seems to be burdened by a greater unnamed but ever-present fear, the fear of falling into a middle-class life of obscurity and anonymity. In no way does Paul find contentment in the realm of his existence. Upon returning from work, Paul describes his â€Å"hopeless feeling of sinking back forever into the ugliness and commonness,† and not wanting to return into the â€Å"monotony in which they lived.† When Paul leaves the house on Sunday evening, after spending the day at home with his family, he speaks of â€Å"shaking off the lethargy of two deadening days, and to live again.† While standing infront of the music hall, â€Å"Paul w...

Examining Tricomalee Economic Center Potential For The Region Tourism Essay Example

Examining Tricomalee Economic Center Potential For The Region Tourism Essay Example Examining Tricomalee Economic Center Potential For The Region Tourism Essay Examining Tricomalee Economic Center Potential For The Region Tourism Essay Introduction Tricomalee is a 1 of the District situated in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka and besides larboard metropolis of the east seashore. Most of import portion of Trincomalee is harbour. The seaport chiefly divided into two parts. These are interior seaports and outer seaport. Approximately 40 nowadays of the population of Trincomalee territory are Muslim, 35 present Tamil and 25 nowadays are Sinhala[ 1 ]. Historical name of Trincomalee is Gokanna or Gokarna [ 2 ]. The seaport of the Trincomalee has played a major function in maritime and international trading history of Sri Lanka. 2. Sri Lanka has been affected by civil struggle between authorities and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) since 1983. With that LTTE combat for greater independency vanni. After Cease Fire Agreement ( CFA ) was signed in February 2002, the state of affairs in the state started bettering. But in 2005 interrupting the CFA started contribute services in misdemeanor. 3. On the land, Trincomalee territory had controlled partially by the LTTE and partially by the authorities. But now the whole territory is under the Sri Lanka authorities after intense combat for the last few old ages. The authorities officially celebrated triumph of defeated in Sri Lanka on 18th may 2009. 4. The chief economic activities in Trincomalee are, Tourism, Fisheries, Multipurpose Industries like Prima, IOC and Natural Resources like Mineral sand, seaport, aˆÂ ¦etc. 5. Fisheries used to convey important income to Trincomalee and provided employment chances. The productiveness decreased in resent old ages dueto limitations done by piscary industry. But today removed all the limitations all sectors. 6. Tourism was besides a ample industry in Trincomalee country. The figure of working hotels has reduced due to war and their trade is largely commercial instead than touristry. Ending civil struggle touristry industry start to develop in country. 7. Operation of multipurpose industries actively participate development of Trincomalee. As a illustration Prima Company gives 720 occupation chances to people, Mitsui Cement gives 300 occupations and IOC gives 160 occupations in people and besides SLPA, Trincomalee gives 507 occupations in country. 8. Trincomalee is a 1 of the richest in natural resources in country. These resources are mineral littorals, seaport, beautiful beaches and seven hot springs in Kanniya. But soon non utilize these resources decently. Chapter 2 Methodology STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 1. When Trincomalee utilizing as an economic Centre of the part, of import countries are, Tourism Industry, Fishing Industry and multipurpose Industries ( Prima, IOC, Mitsui Cement, Mineral Sands aˆÂ ¦.etc. ) and natural resorts like seaport, mineral littorals and beautiful beaches and hot springs. 2. When sing Trincomalee, seaport is the chief strategic point. The great European powers vied command of the seaport. The Portuguese, the Dutch, the Gallic and the English, each are controlled the Trincomalee. The Trincomalee habour is used as 5th natural seaport in the universe. 3. Most of import factors of the Trincomalee are as follows ; a. Strategically state of affairs B. Major Communication Centre c. Finest Harbour in the World which easy can suit 200 ships inside the habour. 4. The strategic in the Indian Ocean and touches shores of Indian subcontinent in the North of Trincomalee ; Malaysia, Indonesia, and Australia, 5. The Indian Ocean encompasses the Red sea attack to the Suez Canal and the Strait of Malacca. Which is major sea path between the West and Far East? 6. Natural seaport of Trincomalee is at a strategic point for whole part and it besides holding planetary significance in the modern age. Strategic value of seaport is increased due to near the Bay of Bengal. 7. The entryway of seaport is four stat mis broad and five stat mis across. The interior seaport about 12 sq stat mis and a singular characteristic is the great deepness of the interior seaport. 8. When sing major companies in Trincomalee, Indian Oil Company ( IOC ) one of the major companies situated in country. Most of import and strategic confederation is 99 oil armored combat vehicles. Soon controlled by Indian Oil Corporation and Ceylon Petroleum Corporation ( CPC ) , provide oil security to India and Sri Lanka. IOC takes oil armored combat vehicles for long term leasing. The capacity of each oil armored combat vehicles 12,250 kiloliters, situated near the Trincomalee seaport. 9. History of oil armored combat vehicles goes 1930s, built by the British. The intent of brought oil armored combat vehicles from IOC to sale oil in Sri Lanka and this will supply an energy safety cyberspace to Sri Lanka and India if creates petroleum crisis. 10. The United State still fight to take these oil armored combat vehicles, because berthing and refueling for there vass at Trincomalee harbour if it chooses to assail Iraq. 11. Tourism of Trincomalee chiefly depend on hot springs in Kanniya, Dutch ports, seaport, Tiriyaya temple, Swami stone, beaches of Nilaweli and Uppuweli. 12. Most of import Buddhist topographic point in Trincomalee is Tiriyaya temple, located in 35km off. 13. Fishery industry of Trincomalee done by Multi twenty-four hours boats ( over 32 fleets in length ) , one twenty-four hours boats with in board motors 3 A? dozenss ( 28 to 32fleets ) , Fiber Glass Dingy ( FGB ) , traditional boats and Mardel. 14. The mineral sand mill of Pulmudai rhenium opened by authorities the ministry of substructure development. It is worked about 400 workers and it could supply about 130 dozenss of limonite, 15 dozenss of retile, 10 tones of Silicon and 5 dozenss of Monazite per twenty-four hours. The mill produced best quality limonite which was exported to Japan, Russia. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 15. Development of Trincomalee will assist to develop the Eastern Region of Sri Lanka. Aim GENERAL OBJECTIVES 16. The purpose of showing this thesis is to see certain salient factors stated under specific aims and to suggest a originative thoughts. Specific OBJECTIVES 17. The specific aims are as follows, a. Harbour of Trincomalee is a strategic point in the whole part holding planetary significance in the modern age and Sri Lanka Port authorization can better port installations. b. Fishery industry and development of piscary seaport. c. Tourism and development of installations to the tourer. d. Encourage private sectors and started new private sectors Scope OF THE STUDY 18. The research is focused to acknowledge. 19. The research covers countries to see for development of Trincomalee. The sample includes fishermen, people who are done occupations in tourer field and peoples populating in Trincomalee and the entire no of 50 individuals questioned. Justification 20. Economy of Trncomalee chiefly depend on piscary industry, tourer Industry and major companies in country. Therefore development of Trincomalee means development of these sectors. The people in Trincomalee is need to give maximal support to set up the economic system of Trincomalee. Relevance 21. The subject of this research it self is about the Trincomalee as an economic Centre for the part which is wholly relevant Trincomalee every bit good as Sri Lanka as a whole. The analysis and informations aggregation was done with the information gathered from peoples go forthing in country and some workers worked in several Fieldss it self. The conditions and the environment to which some personal several Fieldss and some are non in consciousness. 22. Further, the theories and premises extracted state of affairss in other countries in state and foreign states are besides applicable. Besides this paper makes recommendations to accommodate the state of affairs and conditions of the Trincomalee based on the findings of the research. Methodology 23. The survey was started from the Trincomalee with the purpose of obtaining a feedback about the economical degree of the country and to analyze weather economic system goes up every bit expected. 24. The workers of the sectors who were working above sectors upto now and peoples populating in Trincomalee and some responsible individuals of authorities ant private sector. They were interviewed and questioned by prepared questionnaire ( annex A ) to roll up informations. After that random sample of people in different societies were selected to inquiry from a prepared questionnaire. Choice societies are fishermen, workers in private and authorities sector, GA, Divisional Secretary, Premise Manager, Mitsui cement, General Manager IOC, General Manager Prima Lanka. Fifty individuals covering every sector questioned by a prepared questionnaire ( Annex B ) to roll up informations. The primary informations collect from above mentioned methods were analyzed to come to a decision. SAMPALING AND SAMPALING PROCEDURE 25. Random samples were selected as follows. a. Selected authorities and private sector officers. GA Trincomalee, DS Trincomalee, Residence Manager Sri Lanka Port Authority, General Managers of IOC and Prima, Premises Manager Mitsui, Harbour Manager Cod Bay piscary seaport and Assistance Director General Fisheries in Trincomalee. B. Representation sample of people populating in Trincomalee. Random samples of were done 50 Nos of selected individuals are as follows. ( 1 ) 10 nos Fishermans in Trincomalee country. ( 2 ) 10 nos of workers making occupations in touristry field. ( 3 ) 10 nos of workers in private sector. ( 4 ) 10 nos of authorities workers. ( 5 ) 10 nos of random selected people. DATA COLLECTION METHODS 26. The information aggregation methods are as follows. a. Interviews. b. Questionnaires Restriction 27. The clip factor was one of the major restrictions for the conductivity of this research. The readying for the research had merely three months and the figure of words was limited to 5000. 28. Due to clip restraints questionnaire was non translated into Tamil. 29. The information did non capture instruction on an single footing so that information is non included in instance of inaccurate information. Chapter 3 Analyzing THE ECONOMY OF TRINCOMALEE IS DEVELOPED OR DEVELOPING AS EXPECTED 1. Datas were collected through interviews and questionnaire distributed peoples go forthing in Trincomalee country, making occupations under varies subdivisions and look into Trincomalee economically developed or developing as expected. The chief purpose is to demo that Trincomalee how to utilize as an economic Centre for the part. Questionnaire includes 08 inquiries. The English questionnaire is attached as ANNEX A to the research paper. 2. The inquiry no two under the personal specifics are to clear up their field and place. The 3rd inquiry were raised to happen how long he or she in several field, because the research is focused to 2009 and 2010. Harmonizing to the replies given by the several individuals functioning in Trincomalee country in bow than five old ages and boulder clay now. 3. The inquiry figure four discussed the about economic system of Trincomalee. Harmonizing to the replies given by several individuals, economic system of trincomalee under the developing class. After 30 old ages war most of major employers like to come and established in Trincomalee country and besides most tourers like to come and basking in trincomalee. The name called Nagenahira Nawodaya besides making major function to developed the Trincomalee country and upto now undertaking is in advancement. 4. Answers given to oppugn No five, chief factors impacting to the economic system of Tincomalee mostly depends on piscary industry, public sector activities, agribusiness sector and private sectors. The factors affect to the economic development are unemployment, cognition of the people and poorness of people. Most of the people populating in Trincomalee are non good educated because of the fast 30 old ages war and besides no occupations in country. 5. Sing the replies of inquiry no six, all participants thought is Trincomalee non developed country and suggestions are develop the piscary industry, appreciate private sector every bit good as public sector and introduced new things for tourer ( utilizing seaport sailing surfboarding, aˆÂ ¦etc. ) . More development of development of private and authorities sectors aid of authorities and other organisation required ( NGOs ) . 6. Sing replies given to oppugn no seven are as follows. a. The General Manager, Prima Company private Ltd says, giving revenue enhancement reduces and good monetary values for Prima merchandises. The company can give more occupation chances and increase measure of production and besides can acquire chances to export of productions. b. Residence Manager of Trincomalee port under the Sri Lanka Port Authority ( SLPA ) said, The SLPA planned to develop Trincomalee seaport as one of the major port in Sri Lanka and develop port installations like Cranes, container paces and hangers to hive away lading and points. SLPA planned to set up bunkering/ de bunkering installations. c. The authorities agent ( GA ) of Trincomalee said, After the civil struggle the authorities planned to develop territory with the hep of Non Government Organizations and foreign AIDSs. The programmes of Nagenahira Navodaya and Maga Neguma done relocation of internal supplanting people ( IDP ) and the development programmes and Maga Neguma making develop roads in small towns. The authorities planned to develop the tourer industry in Trincomalee. This can make encouraging hotel proprietors, developing beach foreparts and increasing banking and conveyance installations. And asked from new man of affairs s semen and set up in Trincomalee. d. Divisional Secretary ( DS ) of Trincomalee expressed her thought that development programme started to Grama Sevaka ( GS ) divisions and educate poorness and unemployment individuals to get down ego employments and authorities can assist giving low involvement loans and proficient advised by authorities qualified officers. e. The General Manager of IOC said, the company can increase their whole island every bit good as they can assist SLPA to give a bunkering installations of merchandiser ships enter Trincomalee seaport. f. The Premises Manager of Mitsui Cement said the company can increase their productiveness and occupation chances if authorities aid. 7. Answers given to oppugn no eight are sing Tincomalee is non developed territory and developing territory. After civil conflict authorities want developed people populating in Trincomalee want develop a country. Plans of development of Trincomalee are introduced tourer small towns, expand Cod Bay piscary seaport, increased installations of Trincomalee port and set up new private companies in Trincomalee. Chapter 4 Datas THE REASONS OF ECONOMY OF TRINCOMALEE DEVELPOED OR DEVELOPING 1. There are several grounds for the development of Trincomalee really of import. Sri Lanka authorities privation developed the Trincomalee. Therefore authorities started programmed like Nagenahira Navodaya.Trincomalee is a developing territory. It may be, due to the unemployed population, alteration in consumer form, low productiveness, influence of the paramilitary groups, hapless conveyance services and limited banking installations. All these factors called Independent variables. Dependent variables can be affected by these Independent variables. It may be positive consequence or a negative consequence. a. Unemployed population. Most of people populating in Trincomalee have lost there occupations and belongingss due to past civil war struggle. The past war state of affairs was restricted many economic activities in country like piscary industry, agribusiness, bargainers, some authorities farms and mills which has besides resulted in unemployment. Now war is over and authorities invite investors come and invest their concern in Trincomalee country. Other ground of unemployment low educational degree. The ground of low instruction degree due to past war younger coevals lost their instruction and most schools were closed due to war. B. Change in consumer form. Due to past war state of affairs increase the monetary values of indispensable goods and has reduced the ingestion degree, exacerbated by the low income degrees. During past war state of affairs people lived in Trincomalee small towns of near or LTTE controlled countries people faced jobs of nutrient and LTTE do nt give adequate nutrient for these peoples. Now 30 old ages war over rural small towns are under developing with the aid of authorities and non authorities organisations. c. Low productiveness. The deficiency of investings, the cost of production besides goes high and deficiency of loan installations have led down productiveness. The security state of affairs of country besides consequence to straight impact of degrees of productiveness. Fishery industry of Trincomalee really low degree in war clip due to limitations done by authorities. Highly accomplished one is clip f histrion, angling merely twenty-four hours clip 0600hrs to 1800hrs merely and country besides restricted no fishing in high security zone and inner harbour countries. After civil struggle take all the limitations and now they can make their occupation easy without any limitations. d. Influence of the paramilitary groups. Menaces to the concern community extortion and robberies by paramilitary groups have prevented people from doing investings. In war clip it is affected to really severely economic system of Trincomalee. But today besides reported some incidents extortion and robberies done by some unidentified paramilitary groups. Due to this ground most of investors do non like invested in Trincomalee. e. Poor conveyance services. During past war period the conveyance services have been restricted, so that many goods can non be brought into Trincomalee, or merely at prohibitory cost. Now war is over hence no more limitations now everyone can come and what of all time want get to Trincomalee. Other job is sea transit. When merchandiser ship comes no lading / droping installations non available in Trincomalee seaport. There is no Cranes and hanger installations. f. Limited Banking Facilities. The Banks are loath to give loan installations, and demand collateral. All though some authorities Bankss are willing to give loans sum of loan is deficient to back up endeavors and new concern. Especially it is severely effected to the piscary industry and tourer industry. Price of multiday fishing trawler is about 5-6 1000000s and Fiber Glass Dinghy ( FGD ) with OBM ( Out Boat Motor ) and angling cyberspaces about 7 to 9 lakes. The sing tourer industry besides faced investing jobs. If built star category hotels with all installations and set uping tourer countries, more tourers will Trincomalee country. g. Not utilize economic income beginnings. The economic system of Trincomalee mostly depend on, piscary industry, tourer industry every bit good as day-to-day labour and public sector activities. Other chief economic beginning in Trincomalee is natural seaport. Using seaport can developed touristry and fishing industry. Chapter 5 DATA ANALYSIS 1. In carry oning the research sing Trincomalee as an economic Centre for the part, information was collected through a questionnaire distributed among the people populating in Trincomalee country. Questionnaire includes 13 inquiries. The English questionnaire and the Sinhala translated questionnaire are attached as ANNEX B to the research paper. People lives in Trincomaalee were asked to give any replies and show any other remarks on each inquiry. Answers given by people in Trincomalee are individually analyzed and elaborated below. 2. The inquiry no 1 and two are identified age bound and educational degree in the people. Because people of Trincomalee faced civil war in last 30 old ages. Answers given by inquiry No 1, five individuals below 20 old ages old, 19 people age of 20-30 old ages old, 16 persona age of 30-40 old ages old and 10 people age of 40-60 old ages old. Harmonizing to the replies given by the individuals most are age bound of 20-30 old ages old. Answers given by inquiry no 3, twenty three individuals done upto Ordinary Level ( O/L ) , 16 individuals upto Advanced Level ( A/L ) , five individuals upto diploma degree and merely six individuals graduated 3. Development of tourer industry is really of import to develop the economic system of Trincomalee. Harmonizing to the replies given by inquiry no 3, 88 % of peoples thought is present state of affairs of tourer industry is non good. Merely 12 % are think present state of affairs is good. 4. The inquiry No 4 is about the present ongoing development programs of Tourist industry, out of 50 merely six individuals satisfied and all other 40s four non satisfied. Analyzing with above consequence merely 12 % of people satisfied and 88 % of people non satisfied with on-going coders. 5. The purpose of 5th inquiry is find out societal and environmental jobs when developing tourer industry. Out of 50 28 individuals agree to educating society, jobs avoid, out of 50 14 individuals agree to presenting new regulations and ordinances jobs can avoid, out of 50 8 individuals agree to educate of tourer. Sing above consequence 56 % of people agree to educate the people can acquire more consequences, 28 % of people agree to presenting new regulations and ordinances for the tourer industry, 16 % of people in country agree to educate of tourer. Harmonizing to the above informations, it is clear that most of people populating in Trincomalee thought is proper educating most jobs can work out. 6. The purpose of inquiry No 6 is find the present state of affairs of piscary industry. Sing replies given to above inquiry out of 50 22 individuals like to present province of fishing industry and 28 individuals like tourer industry will develop than today. When analysing above inside informations 44 % of people think present state of affairs of piscary industry is good and 56 % of people thought fishery industry required more developments than today. 7. The 7th inquiry was raised to acquire thought what are the countries to develop in piscary industry. Out of 50 14 individuals reply is presenting boats with new engineering in low monetary value. 10 individuals reply is saving of piscaries households. Out of 50 18 individuals reply is good monetary value for merchandises, and 8 individuals reply is above all installations required piscaries household. Sing above consequence 28 % of people like presenting low cost boats with new engineering and 20 % of people like saving of piscaries households and 36 % of people like to acquire a good monetary value for merchandises. Merely 16 % of people like developing all factors. Analyzing above consequences most of people like to acquire good monetary value for merchandises and other factor new boats with engineering. 8. The inquiry No 8 is discussed the how to increase fishery productiveness. Answers given 50 individuals 15 individuals like halt poaching Sri Lankan H2O by other states angling boats and out of 50 18 individuals reply is to give installations to deep H2O fishing. Out of 50 8 individuals select as reply activate present regulations and ordinances and educate the fishermen. Nine individuals answer is halting illegal fishing activities ( Use of Dynamite, Nylon cyberspaces, ..etc ) .Considering replies of above 30 % of people thought halting poaching of Sri Lankan water.36 % of people thought is to give installations for deep H2O fishing. 16 % of people like to trip regulations and ordinances about fishery industry.18 % of people like stop illegal fishing methods. Analyzing replies given to above inquiry most of people thought is giving installations to deep H2O fishing, can increase fish productiveness. 9. The inquiry no 9 attempt happen out willingness/unwillingness of people populating in Trincomalee about multipurpose economical sectors soon situated, like Prima, IOC, Mitsui Cement, aˆÂ ¦etc. Out of 50 39 individuals like present multipurpose economical sectors and merely 11 individuals unlike multipurpose economical sectors. 78 % of people in country like to more multipurpose economic sectors and 22 % of people non like. Sing above inside informations bulk of people like present economical sectors in Trincomalee. The tenth inquiry is asked about good or bad, when stared new multipurpose economical sectors. Sing replies, out of 50 29 individuals reply is really good for set uping new economical sectors. 16 individuals reply is it is good for country and merely 5 individuals is non relevant. 58 % of peoples answer is really good, 32 % of people province this is good and merely 10 % of people answer non relevant. When analysing above inside informations 58 % of people like set up new multipurpose economic sectors in country. 11. The inquiry no 11 cheque, when set uping new multipurpose economical sectors, how to get the better of societal and environment jobs as people populating in country. Out of 50 10 individuals reply is people can command 80 % to 100 % , out of 50 16 individuals reply is people can command 50 % to 80 % . 20 individuals reply is people can command 25 % to 50 % and out of 50 merely 4 individuals reply is people can non command job. Sing above replies, 20 % of people in 80 % to 100 % control, 32 % of people in 50 % to 80 % scope, 40 % of people in 25 % to 50 % scope and merely 8 % of people in can non command this job. Analyzing above replies people can command 25 % to 50 % of societal and environment jobs happening due to set uping new multipurpose economical sectors. 12. The 12th inquiry is to look into the upto now usage of natural resources satisfied, out of 50 15 individuals reply is 10 % to 30 % and 16 individuals reply is 30 % to 60 % .Answer of 20 individuals is 60 % to 90 % and merely two individuals answer is use natural resources 90 % to 100 % . Considering above replies 30 % of people in country said usage of natural resources for the development is 10 % to 30 % , 54 % of people is agree to 30 % to 60 % ,12 % of people answer is 60 % to 90 % and merely 4 % of people think 90 % to 100 % usage to natural resources in country. Analyzing above consequences per centum of usage of natural resources 30 % to 60 % in country, it is non good for development of country. 13. The thirteenth inquiry about the how to utilize of natural resources in decently. Out of 50 10 individuals reply is merely authorities sector take part actively, 32 individuals reply is this can make Local and Foreign Companies and merely 8 individuals reply is do non export natural resorts as a stuff it can export as a ready mate points. Sing above replies of 20 % of people like decently usage of natural resource done by authorities sector, 64 % of people agree to this done by Local / Foreign Companies and merely 16 % of people in country like utilizing natural resources make ready mate points export. Analyzing above consequences bulk of people like this occupation can make Local / Foreign Companies. Harmonizing to all above information revealed that development of Trincomalee will assist to development of eastern part that average hypothesis is proved. Chapter 6 Decision 1. Trincomalee territory has been really earnestly affected by the fast civil struggle, but today war is over and current security state of affairs is stable. Now people do non hold any security job in country. 2. After civil struggle Trincomalee is a cardinal country targeted for development by the authorities. The programmed of Nagenahira Navodaya which aims to develop the Eastern Province and the constitution of Trincomalee as a economical zone in Eastern Province. The under the Eastern Revival Programme that was started in 2007, is a major development programme for three old ages. The chief undertaking of this programme is re colony of IDP, and issues related to regional economic system betterment of substructure and societal activities. 3. Under the development programs there are several development undertakings ongoing. These are route development including concept new Bridgess ( Kinniya and Erakkandi ridges ) and primary instruction. 4. When sing fishery industry on traveling development programs are development of Cod Bay and Oluvil piscary seaport, building new fish market in Trincomalee town and preservation of piscaries households. 5. Tourist industry of Trincomalee is traveling to develop today for the attractive force of beauty of the country. Like nice beaches of Nilaveli and Uppuweli and seven hot H2O springs in Kanniya. Ongoing undertakings are development of star category hotels in country and addition installations ( banking, conveyance, aˆÂ ¦etc. ) . 7. Use of natural resources are now non decently used. Harbour of Trincomalee and mills like mineral sand non decently functioned. Panned programmed are developed Trincomalee seaport with more installations and proper map of Pulmudai mineral sand mill. These are the illustration for natural resources. 8. Multipurpose economic centres like Prima, IOC and Mitsui Cement, will assist to development of economic system in Trincomalee. Get downing same like mills in country, it is really helpful to development in country. 9. When sing all the above factors, developing Trincomalee will assist to development of Eastern Province. Analyzing all the factors hypothesis of survey is proved. Recommendation 1. Based on the consequences of the survey, the undermentioned recommendations are suggested. a. present export market orientated undertakings capital goods, building stuff and raw-materials are permitted to be imported on responsibility free footing. B. Conduct educational programme about importance of instruction. c. Introduce new constructs for tourer industry and increase installations to tourist. d. Today there is no proper topographic point to sell their fish merchandises. This done by 3rd party and existent net income take these people. Therefore recommended to set up good fish market for fishermen and clients in country. e. There is demand to better the legal construction for the illegal fishermen and color fish companies to avoid illegal fishing and catching of color fish. f. Today most of fishermen do non hold installations to deep H2O fishing. Recommended to educate and promote a fishermen to presenting new low cost engineering and present a low cost bank loans to purchase a new boats. g. Started new multipurpose economical sectors in country. It will assist to cut down unemploymancy and increase economic degree in people. h. Use of natural resources in country soon non satisfied. There should be proper program to be prepared, how to used natural resources in efficaciously to develop a economic system in country.

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Exam revision - Assignment Example The best distribution channel strategy for a new toothpaste brand is a direct channel of producer – agent – customer. For a new product like a toothpaste in this case , all the 4 P’s of marketing, that is product, price, promotion and place have to be considered. A modification of the traditional producer, Producers, Wholesalers, Retailers which most consumer products like tooth pastes use. The producer appoints sales agents who go to the field and sell directly to the customers. As they do so, they are marketing the new product to the people since the product does not have many existing customers. This can also be aided by using internet facilities where the product information is stipulated. It is also important that effective communication in the website be enabled that so that there is constant feedback and response to the customers questions. Direct selling is important because there is a lot of competition from the existing market leaders e.g. unilever. The customers may also not trust the new product if for example it is just lying in the retailers store. Direct selling enables the agent to explain and convince the customer. This will secure the trust of the customers and cause market penetration of the toothpaste. In a bid to attract and retain customers to their brands, companies use marketing use all or a fraction of the marketing mix. They include advertising, personal selling, promotional selling, direct marketing and public relations. There a multiplicity of factors to consider before deciding on the strategy. Generally, to decide a communication mix for Barclays Bank and Levis jeans, the following should be considered:

E-commerce, Dell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce, Dell - Essay Example 6. Managing cost-effective and efficient product fulfillment. 7. Providing impeccable customer support through multiple touch points. CASE STUDY Introduction Dell is one of the world's top providers of computer products and services such as servers, storage, workstations, notebook and notebooks computers, to businesses and consumers. The company has revenues of $38.2 billion worldwide and employs over 41,000 staff worldwide. Ireland is home to Dell's European manufacturing operation, with a plant in Limerick, and a UK/Ireland sales and support operation in Bray/Cherrywood. Dell's success has made it the number one PC supplier in Ireland*. The company is the State's biggest revenue generating technology firm. During 2002, Dell's revenue equated to 5.8 per cent of gross domestic product. During the same time period, Dell's exports of EUR.7bn account for 7.8 per cent of all Irish exports. Michael Dell founded the company back in 1984 when he was just 19 years old. He had $1,000 and the unique idea to sell computer systems directly to customers. Now he heads up one of the world's most successful corporations with his direct sales approach acting as the cornerstone of the company's global success. This case study will look at the impact of the internet and e-commerce on Dell and how the company has successfully managed the new ways of doing business that e-commerce has created. What Is E-Commerce Firstly, let's take a look at Electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce refers to business transactions and communication that are carried out through computers - over networks and the internet. This includes buying and selling goods and services, funds transfers and other commercial...The company has revenues of $38.2 billion worldwide and employs over 41,000 staff worldwide. Ireland is home to Dell's European manufacturing operation, with a plant in Limerick, and a UK/Ireland sales and support operation in Bray/Cherrywood. Dell's success has made it the number one PC supplier in Ireland*. The company is the State's biggest revenue generating technology firm. During 2002, Dell's revenue equated to 5.8 per cent of gross domestic product. During the same time period, Dell's exports of EUR.7bn account for 7.8 per cent of all Irish exports. Firstly, let's take a look at Electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce refers to business transactions and communication that are carried out through computers - over networks and the internet. This includes buying and selling goods and services, funds transfers and other commercial communications. It creates a new way of buying and selling - one that uses technology to make the transaction. Between businesses and consumers (B2C), as when you purchase from a shop's website. You, the consumer can now do everything over the internet from banking online and using email to shop for computers, books, clothes, games, holidays, concert ticket etc! From one business to another (B2B), as when one company buys its supplies from another company online.

Exam revision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam revision - Assignment Example The best distribution channel strategy for a new toothpaste brand is a direct channel of producer – agent – customer. For a new product like a toothpaste in this case , all the 4 P’s of marketing, that is product, price, promotion and place have to be considered. A modification of the traditional producer, Producers, Wholesalers, Retailers which most consumer products like tooth pastes use. The producer appoints sales agents who go to the field and sell directly to the customers. As they do so, they are marketing the new product to the people since the product does not have many existing customers. This can also be aided by using internet facilities where the product information is stipulated. It is also important that effective communication in the website be enabled that so that there is constant feedback and response to the customers questions. Direct selling is important because there is a lot of competition from the existing market leaders e.g. unilever. The customers may also not trust the new product if for example it is just lying in the retailers store. Direct selling enables the agent to explain and convince the customer. This will secure the trust of the customers and cause market penetration of the toothpaste. In a bid to attract and retain customers to their brands, companies use marketing use all or a fraction of the marketing mix. They include advertising, personal selling, promotional selling, direct marketing and public relations. There a multiplicity of factors to consider before deciding on the strategy. Generally, to decide a communication mix for Barclays Bank and Levis jeans, the following should be considered:

Discussion topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion topic - Essay Example Thus, it would be justified to say that Casey Martin should have been allowed to use the cart in the PGA tours but justice was sacrificed by denying Casey the freedom to use his cart at the expense of the golf fraternity that would have been affected by the golfers’ action. Indeed, the decision that was taken could also be defended on the basis that he was a physically challenged golfer and allowing him to use a cart could affect the outlook of the game. Thus, one may argue that justice may have been used accurately granted because the decision was reliant upon matching equal entities and equal people. All these give the impression that theory of distributive justice perpetuates impartial justice. One can explain justice in theoretical aspects by viewing it behind a curtain of ignorance, which means that our personalities, class, moral characters, luxuries and talents are not exposed. It is agreeable that justice was purposed at giving people what they deserve. However, as discussed, it does not give everyone what is

Confucianism and Daoism Essay Example for Free

Confucianism and Daoism Essay The idea of the religion of Confucianism was developed by the Chinese philosopher Confucius. The idea of Confucianism is teaching a person to be able to have the power to make the most logical decisions on their own. It teaches its followers a greater meaning for life which then helps them to better understand death. As a religion it is a different kind of religion. It is taught to followers that there should be harmony between the ancestors, humanity and Heaven, and the secular and the sacred. For me, the idea of Daoism is much easier to understand. A way to explain Daoism is fallowing the way. The way is actually translated into the idea of Dao. Fallowing the way is just letting go and letting the force take over and control what needs to be done. In class we related the way of the Dao to Star Wars when Luke lets all technology go and lets the force take control of his actions and comes out successful. Trusting the way is trusting that the world will not lead you down the wrong path. One way that the traditions of the two religions are similar is that they both show great respect for their elders and believe that they are able to help out in their future. Both religions spend time worshiping the deceased because they believe that when they die they will be able to help them in their later lives. Both religions also have their own view of behavior and how people should be conducted. Being this way people of both religions both believe that they can co exist in peace. One major difference of the two religions is how Confucius believed that humans are naturally social beings and our abilities to be good people is naturally imbedded within us. He believed that everyone could exist in harmony if they all allowed themselves to. He believed that men who were superior to other men were able to conform to what society expected of them. Daoism has the idea that living in harmony come far less naturally than it does in Confucianism. Daoism puts much more importance on the relationship with oneself than it does with others. Another way they are different is the way they are passed down and the traditions are told to one another. Confucianism is passed down and taught through the texts of Confucius’ texts are mostly sessions between him and his students while Daoism texts are mostly writings from its creator. One thing that both religions have in common is that they believe in improvement of self. Confucianism believes that in order to live in harmony you have to be at harmony with yourself and they believe that conforming yourself to be the way that society wants you to is the best for yourself. Daoism believes that trusting the way will guide you in the right direction. By letting it take control you will be able to do make all the decisions that you are supposed to. Callie Rogus Intro to World Religions 10/19/2011.

Teleological Argument on the Existence of God

Teleological Argument on the Existence of God In todays society there are many arguments surrounding the question does God exist?. One of these is the teleological argument. The world around us is very intricate, from snowflakes to plain old rocks, much like the items we ourselves create. Many people nowadays and throughout history (myself included) noticed this trend and think about how our world is structured and detailed in a way that when studied closely, looks as though it mustve been designed in order to exist at all. Nothing we create that is complex (a computer chip/watch) is there by chance, they had to be designed, it had to be intricately placed together in order to create said object. If this is true of manmade objects, then surely everything that surrounds has to be created by an intelligent being too? These thoughts were brought together by William Paley and form what is known as the teleological argument in philosophy. A rock is just as complicated and mosaic like as a watch that has been painstakingly designed by hand when viewed on a quantum level, this idea is fully explained and examined in the watchmakers analogy which suggests that if a watch was designed, then surely all that is intricate in nature must surely have an ultimate creator. Paley himself began to consider this argument while thinking about religion, how God fits into the creation of the universe and everything in it. The theory that all things must be created, otherwise known as the intelligent design theory, has been debated and supported by numerous philosophers throughout the ages, from St Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, through the movement in the 16th and 17th centuries led by the likes of William Derham, to modern day philosophical theorists and evolutionary biologists such as eminent atheist Richard Dawkins. The earliest cited versions of this argument are associated with Socrates in ancient Greece, although it has bee n argued that his ideas were influenced by earlier philosophical arguments. Plato, his student, and Aristotle, developed complex methodologies around the idea that the universe has an intelligent designer. William Paley was an English churchman and Christian apologist who lived in the mid-18th century to the early 19th century, his treatise and lectures (that were delivered to such notable philosophers as John Locke) on moral philosophy, concerned themselves with proving the existence of God. He believed that the complexity and order of all things could not have come about as a matter of chance, and that all things within the universe seem to have been designed with a purpose in mind. In Paleys mind the only thing that would make sense in order to explain this would be a God, the Christian God of his religion. This is in direct opposition to Darwins theory of natural selection and evolution. Using the watchmakers analogy Paley suggested The marks of design are too strong to be got over. Design must have had a designer. That designer must have been a person. That person is GOD. In this theory the watch is a metaphor for the universe; God is to the universe as Watchmaker is to the watch. Even if we didnt know where the watch from the analogy came from, we could still infer that it was made by someone or something with a specific purpose in mind because of its complexity and function. This can be transferred to the origin/creation of the universe and things we cant yet explain and since we have no definitive answers as to how to universe was created, we can assume the same. Paley did not accept that the existence of things such as natural disasters or immorality in the world as a counter argument for his theory or as evidence of a creators malicious intent or bad design. After all, even the most intricately designed things can be broken or go wrong in certain circumstances. A watch, despite its intricate design might sometimes malfunction which does not disprove the fact it had been created with intent and purpose. He believed that everything in the universe (natural or man-made) has an order. For example, the galaxy orbits its centre, just as the planets orbit the sun and an electron orbits an atom. Everything has a pattern, a structure, no matter how simple or intricate it is; they are in everything you look at or do. This order, Paley argued, is proof of his argument saying that God exists and is the ultimate creator of everything. The Scottish philosopher David Hume, who was a relative contemporary to Paley, disagreed with the idea of the intelligent design argument being proof of Gods existence, which he thought had a complete lack of evidence. Hume strongly believed in empiricism (that everything comes from our senses) and thought that rational thought and the laws of nature proved that miracles werent a possibility. He also argued that an orderly universe was not proof of a creator and that even if there was a God, supreme deity or designer we couldnt possibly know anything about it or prove its existence. He thought that if there was a creator, why did it have to be God? Could there be more than one creator/God? The design argument does nothing to prove the existence of God in the traditional sense, that being a God who is omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence (all good, all knowing and always there). Perhaps this deity isnt the ultimate being and the design argument does nothing to either prove or di sprove the existence of an all-powerful God. The fact that evil exists in any form and is everywhere, suggests that God is either all-powerful but not completely good or he has good intentions but is not able to eradicate evil and isnt all-powerful. Hume uses this as counter-argument to the idea of an omniscient God as an all-good and kind god wouldnt inflict needless pain on people/sentient beings that have done nothing wrong. It doesnt make sense, why would God make us with the ability to choose good or evil in order to allow us to receive eternal life and then punish us as soon as we make our own choices? If God existed (in the traditional sense) then the existence of evil, even in the tiniest amount, would contradict what the traditional Christian God is known as and stands for because you cannot be all-good, all-powerful and all-present if you allow evil and suffering to occur. Whilst Paleys theory attempts to explain the existence of an ordered and complex universe via his intelligent design argument many other philosophers have disagreed and came up with their own theories (Hume) which counter what Paley argued and tried to explain. Hume doesnt deny that there is a God or intelligent designer, but he discredits Paley by talking about rational thought and the problem of evil which seems to further pull apart Paleys already rather flawed argument. He also disputed the assumption that everything that exists must have a creator or a cause for existence. Primarily, Hume argued that a theory represented as a best possible explanation, such as Paleys, showed a complete lack of evidence to support it and instead raised many more questions than it answered. To conclude, I do not believe that the teleological argument proves or disproves the existence of God, I do however believe that it is a matter of perspective and personal judgement when it comes down to which side to believe/be on. Humes argument seems to me to be the more logical argument between the two, as it has less loopholes and flaws when compared to the teleological side. However, contrary to his reputation as The Great Infidel, Hume did nor categorically deny the existence of God, but argued that it cannot either be proved, nor disproved, which allows room for interpretation depending on your viewpoint.

Stereotypes, Stereotyping and Teen Pregnancy :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Teen Pregnancy and Stereotypes Teen pregnancy is increasing yearly. According to the March of Dimes, teenage birth rates have decreased steadily in the country since 1991. Teenage birth rates in the United States remain relatively high compared to the more developed countries. According to the March of Dimes, "nearly thirteen percent of all births in the United States were teens ages fifteen to nineteen. Almost one million teenagers become pregnant each year and about 485,000 give birth (Teenage 1). Babies, as well as the teenage mothers, face long-time problems may face long-term problems from the pregnancy. These problems may include school failure, poverty, and physical or mental illness. Babies born to teenagers are at greater risk for neglect and abuse than those of a woman. Teenage mothers may feel like they are being demanded to do the job and they may take their frustration out on the child (When 1). Why are so many teenagers having children at such a young age? What are the parents doing about it? For a long time now, I have thought about these questions. I am a teenager, why aren't I pregnant? Teenage girls feel pressure from their peers. Peers may say to you "Everyone is doing it." You may feel that you need to be part of the group to be "cool". Sometimes you may even feel that you know what you are doing. You think that nothing is going to happen to you until one day, and then you are delivering a baby. Parents are not as smart as they used to be in the sex education area. Many parents are afraid to speak with their children. Some may feel that their children are learning about it in school so why should they say it again. Many teenagers are sent to foster homes because the parents are too busy to take care of their responsibilities. Neglect is a cause for teenagers to get pregnant. They feel that if they have a child that they can be loved. Teen pregnancy, in my opinion, is awful. I feel that young women should not be having children at such a young age. I feel that these teenagers that are having babies are children themselves, and do not know how to take care of them as well as an older, more mature person might.

Japanese Yen :: Essays Papers

Japanese Yen The Japanese Yen When Richard Nixon suspended the convertibility of US dollars to gold in 1972, the fixed rate between the dollar and the yen was exchanged for a floating rate. The international value of the yen rose sharply and is today one of the most attractive currencies on the market as it directs the world's second largest economy. The yen is controlled by a central bank known as the Bank of Japan or BOJ. This central bank is under the supervision of the Minister of Finance. Over the past decade, the yen has fluctuated greatly. From early 1990 through mid 1995, the yen doubled in value from 160/$ down to 80/$. From 1995-1998, the yen lost value and was back up in the 140's/$. The trend in the past year has been a steady increase in value for the yen. Over the past six months, the yen has fluctuated. From April through mid-July, the yen floated between 124/$ and 118/$. Since then it has increased in value falling to the area of 105/$. On Friday September 24, the closing rate on the yen was 104.24/$. Over this next week, the yen rose to a close of 105.0000/$. This means that the yen lost a little value in comparison to the dollar. This slight fall is not representative of what is going on with the yen however. Over the past few months, investors have put money into Japanese stocks. The government is putting pressure on the BOJ to increase the yen supply in order to stave off inflation and curb long-term interest rates. This pressure came after a G-7 meeting in which the members suggested that Japan do something to weaken the yen. Prices and wages are falling and output is below Japanese productive potential. Despite these factors, the BOJ is hesitant about responding because it is concerned that expanding the yen supply will cause inflation. Last week, Japanese companies were becoming more optimistic about economic growth. The BOJ didn't take in cash from money markets on Sept. 30, leaving in twice the normal sur plus, so traders felt that the BOJ would follow the idea of expanding the yen supply. The BOJ is conducting a survey on Monday Oct. 4 to see how optimistic business sentiment is as the economy tries to rebound. The yen could rise this next week to its highest level since that 1995 value of 80/$.

Individual Writing Assignment Essay

As requested, I have assessed the merits of the option presented at the meeting, and I have come up with the best recommendation to deal with the current issues. Despite the intriguing idea presented at the meeting, I feel it is not the best solution available for our current situation. In order to bring in more revenue for our amusement parks, I have concluded that we need to increase our ticket price on holidays and increase the varieties of the types of tickets that we offer. When analyzing our best solution, certain criteria needed to be met in order to establish a valid decision, including: a) Increase visits per customer b) Increase average spending per visit c) Attract new customers A) Different Tickets Ensure More Visits per Customer When we start to offer different types of tickets such as seasonal pass and yearly pass, average visits per customer would naturally increase due to the fact that we are offering these tickets. As a result, the sale of those tickets will generate enormous profit for us because of the average price of those tickets. Moreover, customers will happily and gladly purchase those tickets because seasonal and yearly passes are always a good deal. The guest card idea presented at the meeting does not address this decision criterion and this criterion is crucial for generating more revenue for amusement parks. Thus, by increasing the types of tickets we offer, we can generate significantly more revenue for Exquisite Entertainment. B) Higher Ticket Price Increase Customer Spending With the increase in ticket price on holidays and the increase in the types of tickets that we offer, customers’ average spending per visit will increase substantially mainly due to the ticket price. People go to amusement parks mostly on weekends and holidays. As a result, on those occasions the demand is extremely high. And according to the law of supply and demand, when demand is high, price should increase as well. Therefore, it is a suitable strategy to increase the ticket price on holidays to increase average spending per visit while without having to introduce special guest card to separate customers into different tiers and levels  that may ruin the whole customer experience. C) Attracting New Customers Without Losing Company’s Identity With the introduction of different varieties of ticket types, we are able to create a unique benefit to potential customers. New customers will be attracted greatly to our amusement parks because they can now enjoy our amusement parks several times at a discount price. Additionally, every type of customer will be satisfied and attracted instead of just time-starved, high-income professionals and their families proposed at the meeting. Therefore, by introducing different ticket types and not focusing our customers down to a narrow group, there will be more profits generated because we can attract more potential customers from various groups. And it fits our company’s history and culture perfectly as well. All of these factors make my recommendation a logical solution to Exquisite Entertainment, as it will not only increase average spending per visit with higher ticket price on holidays, but it will also attract new customers and increase visits per customer with different types of tickets. Ultimately, all factors lead to higher profits for our amusement parks.

A critique of the literature Essay

Nurses are expected to deliver high quality care with the latest techniques and information available. In order to do this nurses are required to actively participate to nursing research and critique them. Nursing research has increased greatly in the past three decades exposing nurses to latest knowledge, to provide quality care to the patients (Polit & Beck, 2004). Further more, to provide evidence based practice, nurses must be able to assess and critique research to evaluate and to judge whether the research is useful, good quality, current and safe to apply in their practice (Fink,2005). This essay critiques a quantitative original research article, which is relevance to nursing. The research article â€Å"Cardiovascular risk of essential hypertension: Influence of class, number, and treatment-time regimen of hypertension medication† by authors Ramon c. Hermida, Diana E. Ayala, Aetemio Mojon and Jose R. Fernandez was published in 2013 by Informa health care USA in Chronobiology international journal volume 30. This essay will critique the above research paper using the systematic frame work provided by Schneider, Whitehead, Lobiondo-Wood & Haber(2013 p 15) including the title, abstract, method, literature review, results, discussion and conclusion of the research paper. Title Title of a research article should describe and focus on the research conducted (Cormack, 2000). The title of the research paper by Hermida et al, 2013, clearly describes the purpose of the research and indicates the relevant area of study and the target population. However, by reading the title alone it is difficult to identify the nature of study and requires the reader to continue reading the abstract. It could be argued that it is better to describe this in the title thus it will help the reader to identify whether the research is useful to their practice (Cormack, 2000). Authors’ qualifications are not provided, however it is indicated that the research was conducted by Bioengineering and chronobiology laboratory in a university in Spain. Therefore, it is unable to decide whether the authors have sufficient research skills and expertise to carry out the study. Abstract According to Schneider et al (2013) abstract of an article is a brief summary of the study at the start of an article. Abstract focuses on the important points of the study. It states the purpose, the method, the results and the conclusion of the study ( Schneider et al, 2013). The abstract by Hermida et al (2013 ) clearly describe the purpose of the study and the method and sample used. It also gives a brief description of the data collected and analyzed to provide a conclusion of the study. It is easy for the reader to identify that the research method is quantitative by reading the abstract. Introduction and Literature review According to LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Laber, J. (2014) a good literature review provide an introduction, which include the keywords and a description of the databases used to conduct the study. In this article introduction and literature review is included as one subheading, and the authors have clearly identified the keywords of the study, which will again allow the reader to assess the relevance of the study. In this article authors have started the literature review from the introduction part and provided the related previous study findings in order to build the hypothesis of the current study. They clearly describe the need and the rational for the conduction of the study, as the lack of study conducted considering the  ingestion time of the blood pressure lowering medication (Hermida et al, 2013). They have used recent research within the last 10 years to support their research study. However, the research does not specify the search strategies used to locate the previous research used, which questions whether the research used are biased or unbiased (Fink, 2005). As the study is accepted in 2012, most of the research articles cited in the review are current. As mentioned in Fink (2005) articles’ cited within the last 10 years from the year the study is accepted are considered as current research. In the article, the authors acknowledge that there are several studies conducted to measure the efficiency of blood pressure (BP) lowering medication, disregarding the time of the blood pressure medication taken during the day (Hermida, 2013) This study is conducted using the Ambulation blood pressure monitoring for prediction of cardiovascular event (ABPM) to monitor the effect on better BP control and cardio vascular risk with the bedtime ingestion of one medication rather than all the medications taken in the morning (Hermida, 2103). Authors support the ABPM design that is used for the study by citing previous research studies that have used the same design, in order to improve the credibility of the research (Cormack, 2000). Aim and Hypothesis Aim and hypothesis have been clearly stated in this article by Hermida et al(2013). Unlike qualitative research, quantitative research has an hypothesis provided by the researchers to compare the relationship between variables (Polit & Beck, 2004). The aim of the research is to examine the administration time effect on the CVD risk and lowering BP of each class of antihypertensive medication and the number of medication used for therapy (Hermida et al, 2013). Authors have conducted the study based on the hypothesis that â€Å"bedtime therapy with one or more BP lowering medications exerts better BP control plus greater CVD risk reduction than the conventional morning only schedule of all therapy† (Hermida et al, 2013 p 324). This hypothesis can be categorized as directional as it predicts the expected outcome of the study conducted (Polit & Beck, 2004). According to Polit & Beck(2008), directional hypothesis may results in biased outcomes due to the intellectual commitment to the desired hypothesis. Method Quantitative research approach provides a better state of evidence and increase ability to replicate the study (Schneider, 2013). This study by Hermida et al (2013) provides clear information about the methodology, sample and the technique of the data analysis used. Sample Authors have chosen samples for this research based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, providing very clear and specific information of the target population group that can be used for the study. The sample group were from a population of Spanish subjects > 18 years of age then carefully screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Hermida etal, 2013). Sample size was clearly stated, which will allow the reader to decide whether the sample size for the study was adequate, however they have failed to mention how the sample size was determined. Sample size was adequate and included both male and female population without gender discrimination. Therefore, the study can be considered as useful and good quality as there are no gender limitations (Fink, 2005). It has been well described how the samples were recruited for the process and the samples have been chosen from different hospitals to reduce sample bias. According to Hermida et al (2013) the study method was approved by the State ethic committee of clinical research as ethical medical research. And all participants have given written informed consent to participate in research (Hermida et al, 2013). Design The design used by the authors for the study was a prospective randomized open label, blinded end point (PROBE) (Hermida et al, 2013). This design can be compared to the double blind design, which commonly used in quantitative research. In contrast to the double-blinded method, the participants/assessors have the ability to know the nature of the treatment. Major advantages of this design are lower cost, higher similarity to clinical practice and the ability to replicate the study easily in order to apply the results into medical care (Polit & Beck, 2004). In addition, even though it is an open labeled design, due to the blinded end point the results will not be subjected to any bias (Cormack, 2000). The randomized study method used, reduces the sample bias (Cormack, 2000) which is done by  a computerized random number generator in this study (Hermida et al, 2013). However, the authors have failed to mention the name of the computerized random number generator program used, which makes it difficult for the reader to replicate and evaluate the credibility of the study (Fink, 2005). Further more, in order to ensure the internal validity of the study the authors have adhered to their exclusion and inclusion criteria and have recruited a large sample group (Polit & Beck, 2008). Data collection and analysis Data was collected at the start and at every scheduled visit during the follow up appointment. BP of each recruit was automatically measured at specific times for 48hrs. Authors have used 48hrs observation periods rather than standard 24hrs observation periods (Hermida et al, 2013) to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of the results (Fink, 2005). An actigraph was given to all participants to wear and measure the physical activity during the 48hrs, which is then synchronized to a computer. During the follow up data was collected and necessary test were performed to gather more data and the yearly appointments were organized (Hermida et al, 2013). More over, data collection procedures are adequately described in the study which will make it easy to replicate (Cormack, 2000) The use of multiple data collection instruments can be identified as a strength of the study and citations of previous research have been provided to support the data collection instruments, hence will improve the validity and quality of the study (Cormack, 2000) There were no ethical issues identified as the participants provided informed consent prior to the study (Fink, 2005). Results The results of the study are given in great detail using one table and 7 graphs within the paper. They have used subheading within the results section to clearly present the results for different variables of the study. Findings are accessible and p values are clearly stated, which is important in a quantitative study (Hermida et al, 2013). The consistency of the results, logical link between the data analysis and findings of the study presented in text and in numbers are similar which outlines the correctness of the findings and the findings can be used in clinical practice (Polit &  Beck, 2008). The table and graphs used to interpret data are very clear and easy to understand by the reader. Discussion and conclusion Discussion and conclusion are presented under the same subheading in this research paper. The discussion appeared well balanced and very well detailed, making it easy for the reader to understand and analyze the paper (Cormack, 2000). Authors have discussed and compared the findings with the previous credited research, which are mentioned in the literature review. Authors argue the accuracy of the research findings in a logical manner summarizing relevant previous research findings. They challenge the past research stating how this study method of BP lowering is more effective than the traditional way of treatment using their findings. Even though, the authors have not used a separate section for the conclusion, they have strongly supported the hypothesis in the last paragraph of the paper by using the results obtained (Hermida et al, 2013). In addition, the authors do not mention strength and limitations of the study. Limitations and strengths of a study is useful when assessing the validity of the study or to improve the research method ( Cormack, 2000). Reference Reference list is complete and accurate and include all the cited literature, which includes 72 references, most within the last 10 years of the year the study was accepted (Hermida, 2013). In conclusion this study was conducted very well with a strong hypothesis, relevant literature review, appropriate samples, well-organized research design and statistical analysis. This essay has critically analyzed each component of the study by Hermida et al(2013) adhering to a systemic framework in order to assess the quality, credibility and validity of the research study. Reference Cormack, D. F. S. (2000). The Research Process in Nursing (3rd ed.): Blackwell Science Ltd. Fink, A. (2005). Conducting Resaerch Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper (2nd ed.): SAGE Publications. Hermida, R., Ayala, D., Mojà ³n, A., & Fernà ¡ndez, J. (2013). Cardiovascular risk of essential hypertension: influence of class, number, and treatment-time regimen of hypertension medications. Chronobiology International, 30(1-2), 315-327. doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.701534 LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Laber, J. (2014). Nursing Resarch: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice Retrieved from http://books.google.com.au/books?id=3tTsAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2008). Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice Retrieved from http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ej3wstotgkQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing Research: Principles and Methods Retrieved from http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5g6VttYWnjUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Schneider, Z., Whithead, D., Lobiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2013). Nursing and Midwifery Research: Methods and appraisal for evidence based practice (4th ed.).